| Item | Standard | |
| Type Ⅰ | Type Ⅱ | |
| Acetic acid content,%, ≥ | 99.8 | 99.5 |
| Color , ≤ | 10 | 10 |
| Water, ≤ | 0.15 | 0.20 |
| Formic acid,%, ≤ | 0.03 | 0.05 |
| Acetaldehyde, %, ≤ | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Residue on evaporation, %, ≤ | 0.005 | 0.01 |
| Iron(Fe) ,%, ≤ | 0.00004 | 0.00002 |
Industrial Applications
Uses in food industry
The use of acetic acid in medicine
The use of acetic acid in chemical synthesis
The main difference between acetic acid and glacial acetic acid is the level of acid concentration. Ethanoic acid solutions usually contain large amounts of water, indicating that it is a soluble product, whereas glacial ethanoic acid has a relatively low water content.
The melting point of high-purity acetic acid is 16.7℃, so after the temperature is lower, acetic acid will freeze into ice, which is called glacial acetic acid. Glacial acetic acid and acetic acid are the same substance with a strong pungent smell. The difference is that it is not a solid.
Acetic acid can be produced by artificial synthesis and bacterial fermentation. The fermentation method is divided into aerobic fermentation method and anaerobic fermentation method.
Aerobic fermentation
In the presence of sufficient oxygen, bacteria of the genus Acetobacter can produce acetic acid from foods containing alcohol. Commonly used is cider or wine mixed with grain, malt, rice or potatoes mashed and fermented. These substances can be fermented into acetic acid under the action of catalytic enzymes under oxygen.
Anaerobic fermentation
Some anaerobic bacteria, including some members of the genus Clostridium, can convert sugars directly to acetate without ethanol as an intermediate. Sucrose can be fermented to acetic acid in the absence of oxygen.
In addition, many bacteria are able to produce acetate from compounds containing only one carbon, such as methanol, carbon monoxide, or a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
Methanol Carbonylation
Most acetic acid is synthesized by methyl carbonylation. In this reaction, methanol and carbon monoxide react to form acetic acid. Because carbon monoxide and methanol are commonly used chemical raw materials, the industry often uses this method to prepare acetic acid.
Acetaldehyde Oxidation
Although it can’t be compared with methyl carbonylation, this method is still the second method for industrial acetic acid production.
Alkane liquid oxidation method
Using n-butane as raw material, acetic acid as solvent, oxidation at 170°C-180°C, 5.5 MPa and cobalt acetate catalyst, and air as oxidant. At the same time, this method can also use liquefied petroleum gas or light oil as raw material. This method has low cost of raw materials, but the process is long, the corrosion is serious, and the yield of acetic acid is not high. It is only used in areas where cheap isobutane or liquefied petroleum gas raw materials are easily available.
Ethylene Oxidation
Produced by the reaction of ethylene with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst. This reaction can be regarded as firstly oxidizing ethylene to acetaldehyde, which is then obtained by oxidation of acetaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde can also be oxidized by copper hydroxide.
Using a new catalyst, this reaction can obtain more than 95% yield of acetic acid. The main by-products are ethyl acetate, formic acid and formaldehyde. Since the by-products have a lower boiling point than acetic acid, they are easily removed by distillation.
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